Italy
Road diesel, June 2026 — crude behind it: 20% Libya · 15% Kazakhstan · 11% United States · 15% cannot be traced. 1–22% of that crude may have passed through the Strait of Hormuz.
Source & method
- Source
- Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
- EIA, IEA and terminal operators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin Hormuz route classification and country bounds, methodology v1.0
- Period
- June 2026
- Method
- How this figure is made
Crude behind it (estimated)
Last shipped from
Italy's road diesel
Crude behind it (estimated)
- Colour = where it went:
- Italy (own refineries)
- Saudi Arabia
- Egypt
- Greece
- Israel
- Netherlands
- France
- Slovakia
- Other (3)
- Libya483 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan359 kt (est. 15%)
- United States254 kt (est. 11%)
- Azerbaijan254 kt (est. 11%)
- Saudi Arabia150 kt (est. 6%)
- Brazil88 kt (est. 4%)
- Norway57 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins377 kt (est. 16%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data235 kt (10%)
- Italy: crude not from imports45 kt (2%)
- Egypt: no crude data42 kt (2%)
- Israel: no crude data27 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude dataless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Assumptions
- 1
Italy: road diesel available in June 2026
Everything refined in the country plus everything imported.
- 2
Where that fuel came from
Italy's refineries ran on (going by its crude imports, April–June 2026)
Saudi Arabia: crude origin not published.
Egypt: crude origin not published.
- 3
The crude behind Italy's road diesel
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- Each country's refineries are assumed to run on its crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- The crude origin is the producing country the statistics report, not the loading terminal, so the Hormuz answer is a range wherever a producer loads both inside and outside the Persian Gulf.
In June 2026, most road diesel available in Italy was refined in Italy (85%), followed by Saudi Arabia (10%).
Italy's refineries ran on crude from Libya (24%), Kazakhstan (17%) and Azerbaijan (13%), going by its crude imports in April–June 2026.
Taken together, an estimated 20% of the crude behind Italy's road diesel came from Libya, 15% from Kazakhstan and 11% from the United States; 15% cannot be traced.
The largest untraced part (10%) is there because we hold no crude import statistics for Saudi Arabia.
Between 1% and 22% of the crude behind Italy's road diesel is estimated to have passed through the Strait of Hormuz, a moderate dependence judged on the upper bound. No midpoint is published: crude that cannot be traced is counted as anything from none to all of it.
This is an estimate, not a reported figure: it assumes exports are drawn proportionally from every source and that each country's refineries run on its crude-import mix, and it looks back only one country.
Hormuz and the pump price in Italy
Calculated- At most 22% of the crude behind Italy's road diesel in June 2026 could have passed through Hormuz.
- Since 28 Feb 2026, diesel at the pump went +34.1%; Brent (in US dollars) went +61.5% (week of 23 Feb 2026 to week of 21 Sep 2026).
- 43% of the diesel pump price is tax (week of 21 Sep 2026).
Is Hormuz really the reason? — the EU-wide picture →
Source & method
- Source
- Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
- EIA, IEA and terminal operators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin Hormuz route classification and country bounds, methodology v1.0
- European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy (DG ENER) — Weekly Oil Bulletin - retail fuel prices with and without taxes
- U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) — Europe Brent Spot Price FOB (petroleum spot prices)
- Method
- How this figure is made
- Strait of Hormuz: the upper end of the headline’s estimate for June 2026, the same figure as in the sentence above; no new figure is made here.
- Pump price: Weekly Oil Bulletin, diesel including tax, week of 23 Feb 2026 (€1.702 per litre) and week of 21 Sep 2026 (€2.281 per litre). Brent: EIA daily spot price, the first print dated in each of those weeks (23 Feb 2026: 71.9; 21 Sep 2026: 116.15; US dollars per barrel). Each change is worked out in the currency it is published in; no exchange rate is applied. The start week is the one containing the event date of Strait of Hormuz shipping disruption (2026) (28 Feb 2026), the event the Strait of Hormuz page leads with; the end week is the latest week with both prices.
- Tax share: the pump price split into tax and price before tax for the week of 21 Sep 2026 (Weekly Oil Bulletin prices and published tax rates), as on the pump price page.
- The three figures are shown side by side, each on its own; no link between them is drawn here.
Go deeper for Italy
- What does diesel cost at the pump in Italy, and how much of it is tax?Pump price & tax →latest weekly price €2.28 per litre (diesel, week of 21 Sep 2026)
- Where has Italy bought its oil since 2015?Imports since 2015 →
- How does fuel reach Italy, flow by flow?Flow diagram, full page →
- How does Italy compare with Slovenia, Austria and Croatia?Compare with neighbours →
- Which refineries, ports and pipelines serve Italy?Refineries & pipelines →
- Where does Italy's crude come from, on a map?On the map →
- What does Libya supply to the EU?Supplier page: Libya →
- What does Kazakhstan supply to the EU?Supplier page: Kazakhstan →
- What does the United States supply to the EU?Supplier page: United States →
Pump prices at stations
CalculatedOn 29 September 2026, 155 stations in Italy reported an LPG (autogas) (self-service) price. Half of them charged €0.747 a litre or less. Eight in ten charged between €0.689 and €0.849.
The EU Weekly Oil Bulletin gives €0.770 for lpg motor fuel in Italy for the week of 21 September 2026, the latest week published: a weekly national average reported by the state, measured differently from the prices stations declare.
Station prices on 29 September 2026, by fuel
- Diesel, self-servicemedian €2.369 · 20,243 stations€2.190 to €2.429 · bulletin €2.281
- Diesel, served (attended)median €2.415 · 13,777 stations€2.340 to €2.648 · bulletin €2.281
- Petrol (benzina), self-servicemedian €2.149 · 20,237 stations€1.990 to €2.199 · bulletin €2.141
- Petrol (benzina), served (attended)median €2.215 · 13,805 stations€2.147 to €2.419 · bulletin €2.141
- LPG (autogas), self-servicemedian €0.747 · 155 stations€0.689 to €0.849 · bulletin €0.770
- LPG (autogas), served (attended)median €0.749 · 4,508 stations€0.694 to €0.849 · bulletin €0.770
10th-90th percentile of stations (calculated)median (calculated)Weekly Oil Bulletin, national average (official)
LPG (autogas), self-service: median at stations and the bulletin, 26 August 2025 to 29 September 2026
The source delivered no data from 1 July 2026 to 25 September 2026; the line is left broken there, not filled in.
- Median of stations(calculated)
- 10th-90th percentile of stations(calculated)
- Weekly Oil Bulletin, national average(official)
- No station data: the source delivered no station prices
LPG (autogas), self-service by province, 29 September 2026
68 provinces. Select a column heading to sort. 62 with fewer than 5 stations show a count only. * marks a code that is not exactly the named area (notes below).
Sort byProvince ↑Median10th pct.90th pct.Stations
| Province ↑ | Median | 10th pct. | 90th pct. | Stations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AG · Agrigento | €0.849 | €0.807 | €0.861 | 5 |
| AL · Alessandria | — | — | — | 3 |
| AN · Ancona | — | — | — | 1 |
| AT · Asti | — | — | — | 2 |
| AV · Avellino | — | — | — | 2 |
| BA · Bari | — | — | — | 3 |
| BT · Barletta-Andria-Trani | — | — | — | 2 |
| BN · Benevento | — | — | — | 2 |
| BG · Bergamo | — | — | — | 2 |
| BO · Bologna | — | — | — | 2 |
| BZ · Bolzano/Bozen | — | — | — | 3 |
| BS · Brescia | — | — | — | 2 |
| BR · Brindisi | — | — | — | 1 |
| CA · Cagliari* | — | — | — | 1 |
| CL · Caltanissetta | — | — | — | 1 |
| CB · Campobasso | — | — | — | 2 |
| CE · Caserta | — | — | — | 4 |
| CT · Catania | — | — | — | 4 |
| CH · Chieti | — | — | — | 3 |
| CS · Cosenza | — | — | — | 3 |
| KR · Crotone | — | — | — | 2 |
| CN · Cuneo | — | — | — | 3 |
| FE · Ferrara | — | — | — | 1 |
| FI · Firenze | — | — | — | 2 |
| FG · Foggia | — | — | — | 3 |
| FR · Frosinone | — | — | — | 2 |
| GE · Genova | — | — | — | 1 |
| GO · Gorizia* | — | — | — | 1 |
| GR · Grosseto | — | — | — | 1 |
| AQ · L'Aquila | — | — | — | 1 |
| SP · La Spezia | — | — | — | 1 |
| LT · Latina | — | — | — | 3 |
| LE · Lecce | — | — | — | 2 |
| MN · Mantova | — | — | — | 1 |
| MS · Massa-Carrara | — | — | — | 1 |
| ME · Messina | — | — | — | 2 |
| MI · Milano | — | — | — | 2 |
| MO · Modena | — | — | — | 2 |
| NA · Napoli | €0.689 | €0.687 | €0.719 | 9 |
| NO · Novara | — | — | — | 1 |
| OR · Oristano | — | — | — | 1 |
| PD · Padova | — | — | — | 1 |
| PA · Palermo | €0.698 | €0.692 | €0.820 | 5 |
| PV · Pavia | — | — | — | 1 |
| PI · Pisa | — | — | — | 1 |
| PN · Pordenone* | — | — | — | 3 |
| PZ · Potenza | — | — | — | 3 |
| RG · Ragusa | — | — | — | 3 |
| RA · Ravenna | — | — | — | 1 |
| RC · Reggio Calabria | — | — | — | 1 |
| RE · Reggio nell'Emilia | — | — | — | 2 |
| RI · Rieti | — | — | — | 1 |
| RN · Rimini | — | — | — | 1 |
| RM · Roma | €0.729 | €0.684 | €0.789 | 6 |
| RO · Rovigo | — | — | — | 1 |
| SA · Salerno | — | — | — | 4 |
| SV · Savona | — | — | — | 1 |
| SI · Siena | — | — | — | 1 |
| SR · Siracusa | — | — | — | 1 |
| TA · Taranto | — | — | — | 1 |
| TO · Torino | €0.725 | €0.702 | €0.735 | 5 |
| TP · Trapani | — | — | — | 3 |
| TN · Trento | — | — | — | 2 |
| TV · Treviso | €0.739 | €0.735 | €0.775 | 7 |
| VA · Varese | — | — | — | 1 |
| VE · Venezia | — | — | — | 2 |
| VR · Verona | — | — | — | 4 |
| VI · Vicenza | — | — | — | 3 |
Where the code and the named area differ (3)
- CA · Cagliari: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); Cagliari now also takes in communes of the former Sud Sardegna. A station may still carry its pre-2026 code.
- GO · Gorizia: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
- PN · Pordenone: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
Source & method
- Source
- Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy (MIMIT), Osservatorio prezzi carburanti — Carburanti - prezzi praticati (prezzo_alle_8) e anagrafica degli impianti attivi
- European Commission, DG Energy — Weekly Oil Bulletin
- Period
- Latest day 29 September 2026
- Method
- How this figure is made
Source: Osservatorio prezzi carburanti, data provided by the Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy (MIMIT). Licence: IODL 2.0. Latest day used: 29 September 2026.
Licence: IODL 2.0 (Italian Open Data License) · Dataset: publisher's page
Station prices are published by the state and declared by the stations themselves (official, self-declared). The spread, median and regional figures are our arithmetic on them (calculated). The Weekly Oil Bulletin is a weekly national average that the state reports to the European Commission (official); it is measured differently, so a gap between the two is a difference of method, not an error.
A station counts on a day only if the source still reported its price that day (its own last report no more than 30 days old); a day the source did not deliver is left out, never filled in. Regions with fewer than 5 stations show a count only. Figures are EUR per litre as published, taxes included. Maximum prices set by a government are never shown as a station price.
Province: The province code (sigla) the station registry gives for each station, named from ISTAT's list. Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026, so a Sardinian station may still carry its earlier code.
- Province names: ISTAT, Elenco dei comuni italiani (sigla automobilistica and unità territoriale sovracomunale), updated 21 February 2026 (Fonte: Istat). Licence: CC BY 4.0.
- Province names for the 1 code not in that list: ISTAT, Elenco dei comuni italiani (sigla automobilistica and unità territoriale sovracomunale), file of 26 January 2024 (before the 2026 Sardinian reform); abolition: ISTAT Sardinian reform codes, in force 1 January 2026 (Fonte: Istat). Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Crude origins
Calculated10 refineries · 68.7 Mt/a where comparable.
In June 2026, 14 countries supplied crude imports; the largest three accounted for 58%.
Share of crude imports by origin, to June 2026
- Libya
- Azerbaijan
- Kazakhstan
- United States
- Iraq
- Saudi Arabia
- Other origins
- Origin not published
Share of crude imports, June 2026 (published)
Since January 2023: Iraq −15.4 pt, Libya +9.9 pt.
Share of crude imports, June 2026: all origins
| Country of origin | Share | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|
| Libya | 24% | 1,182,200 |
| Kazakhstan | 20% | 974,227 |
| United States | 14% | 670,684 |
| Azerbaijan | 12% | 569,095 |
| Saudi Arabia | 8% | 367,894 |
| Brazil | 6% | 271,344 |
| Other origins | 17% |
All 10 refineries
- ISAB refinery, Priolo Gargallo (Impianti Nord and Impianti Sud) (ISAB Srl), 19.4 Mt/a
- Sarlux refinery, Sarroch (Sarlux Srl), 15 Mt/a
- Raffineria di Milazzo (Raffineria di Milazzo SCpA), 10.6 Mt/a
- Trecate refinery (SARPOM) (SARPOM Srl, Societa a Responsabilita Limitata Raffineria Padana Olii Minerali), 9 Mt/a
- Augusta refinery (Sonatrach Raffineria Italiana) (Sonatrach Raffineria Italiana Srl), 8.1 Mt/a
- api raffineria di ancona, Falconara Marittima, 3.9 Mt/a
- IPLOM refinery, Busalla, 2.1 Mt/a
- Alma Petroli refinery, Ravenna, 550,000 t/a
- Sannazzaro de Burgondi refinery (Eni SpA), 180,000 bpd
- Taranto refinery (Eni SpA), 104,000 bpd
Source & method
- Source
- Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
- Refinery operators and national regulators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin curated refinery reference list
- Period
- June 2026
- Method
- How this figure is made
- Download
- Download CSV
Product origins
CalculatedRoad diesel imports, June 2026: Saudi Arabia 66%, Egypt 12%, Greece 9%, Israel 8%, Netherlands 3%, France 1%, other origins 0.3%.
Share of road diesel imports by country last shipped from, to June 2026
- Saudi Arabia
- Egypt
- India
- Kuwait
- Netherlands
- Greece
- Other origins
- Origin not published
Share of road diesel imports, June 2026 (published)
Share of road diesel imports, June 2026 (published): all countries last shipped from
| Country last shipped from | Share | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | 66% | 234,892 |
| Egypt | 12% | 41,993 |
| Greece | 9% | 32,947 |
| Israel | 8% | 26,934 |
| Netherlands | 3% | 11,316 |
| France | 1% | 4,892 |
| Other origins | 0.3% |
Source & method
- Source
- Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
- Period
- June 2026
- Method
- How this figure is made
- Download
- Download CSV
Stocks & days of cover
Official90 days of emergency stock cover in June 2026.
Closing stocks: 17,170,285 tonnes, +1.4% against the 12-month average.
Closing stocks, to June 2026
- Closing stocks
- 12-month average
Days of cover, to June 2026
Source & method
- Source
- Eurostat (European Commission) — Emergency oil stocks in days equivalent - monthly data
- Eurostat (European Commission) — Stock levels for oil products - monthly data
- Period
- June 2026
- Method
- How this figure is made
- Which method the member state used
- Stock calculation method: method 1
- Minimum obligation method: method 1
- Days calculation method: method 2
- Download
- Download CSV
Recent events
Official- 28 Feb 2026Strait of Hormuz shipping disruption (2026)Shipping disruption · Strait of Hormuz / Persian Gulf
- 5 Feb 2023EU import ban on Russian refined petroleum products (in force 5 February 2023)Import ban · European Union
- 5 Dec 2022EU import ban on seaborne Russian crude oil (in force 5 December 2022)Import ban · European Union
- 24 Feb 2022Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)War · Ukraine
Source & method
- Source
- International Energy Agency — Event timeline, cited per event
- US Energy Information Administration — Event timeline, cited per event
- European Commission — Event timeline, cited per event
- European Council — Event timeline, cited per event
- National legislators — Event timeline, cited per event
- Method
- How this figure is made