Italy

Road diesel, June 2026 — crude behind it: 20% Libya · 15% Kazakhstan · 11% United States · 15% cannot be traced. 1–22% of that crude may have passed through the Strait of Hormuz.

Estimated

Source & method

Source

Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
EIA, IEA and terminal operators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin Hormuz route classification and country bounds, methodology v1.0

Every source, with links and licences

Period

June 2026

Method

How this figure is made

Crude behind it (estimated)

Last shipped from

Reported (solid)
Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
Cannot be traced (hatched)

Assumptions

1
Italy: road diesel available in June 2026
Everything refined in the country plus everything imported.
2
Where that fuel came from
Refined in Italy 85%85%
Saudi Arabia 10%10%
Other suppliers (9) 5%5%
- Also:
- Refined in Italy 85%
- Saudi Arabia 10%
- Other suppliers (9) 5%
Italy's refineries ran on (going by its crude imports, April–June 2026)
Libya 24%24%
Kazakhstan 17%17%
Azerbaijan 13%13%
United States 12%12%
Saudi Arabia 7%7%
Other origins 25%25%
Cannot be traced 2%2%
Also:
Libya 24%
Kazakhstan 17%
Azerbaijan 13%
United States 12%
Saudi Arabia 7%
Other origins 25%
Cannot be traced 2%
Saudi Arabia: crude origin not published.
Egypt: crude origin not published.
3
The crude behind Italy's road diesel
Libya 20%20%
Kazakhstan 15%15%
United States 11%11%
Azerbaijan 11%11%
Saudi Arabia 6%6%
Brazil 4%4%
Other origins (31) 18%18%
Cannot be traced 15%15%
- Also:
- Libya 20%
- Kazakhstan 15%
- United States 11%
- Azerbaijan 11%
- Saudi Arabia 6%
- Brazil 4%
- Other origins (31) 18%
- Cannot be traced 15%

Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
Each country's refineries are assumed to run on its crude-import mix over the latest three months.
The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
The crude origin is the producing country the statistics report, not the loading terminal, so the Hormuz answer is a range wherever a producer loads both inside and outside the Persian Gulf.

In June 2026, most road diesel available in Italy was refined in Italy (85%), followed by Saudi Arabia (10%).

Italy's refineries ran on crude from Libya (24%), Kazakhstan (17%) and Azerbaijan (13%), going by its crude imports in April–June 2026.

Taken together, an estimated 20% of the crude behind Italy's road diesel came from Libya, 15% from Kazakhstan and 11% from the United States; 15% cannot be traced.

The largest untraced part (10%) is there because we hold no crude import statistics for Saudi Arabia.

Between 1% and 22% of the crude behind Italy's road diesel is estimated to have passed through the Strait of Hormuz, a moderate dependence judged on the upper bound. No midpoint is published: crude that cannot be traced is counted as anything from none to all of it.

This is an estimate, not a reported figure: it assumes exports are drawn proportionally from every source and that each country's refineries run on its crude-import mix, and it looks back only one country.

Hormuz and the pump price in Italy

Calculated

At most 22% of the crude behind Italy's road diesel in June 2026 could have passed through Hormuz.
Since 28 Feb 2026, diesel at the pump went +38.1%; Brent (in US dollars) went +66.9% (week of 23 Feb 2026 to week of 28 Sep 2026).
42% of the diesel pump price is tax (week of 28 Sep 2026).

Is Hormuz really the reason? — the EU-wide picture →

Source & method

Source

Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
EIA, IEA and terminal operators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin Hormuz route classification and country bounds, methodology v1.0
European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy (DG ENER) — Weekly Oil Bulletin - retail fuel prices with and without taxes
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) — Europe Brent Spot Price FOB (petroleum spot prices)

Every source, with links and licences

Method

How this figure is made

Strait of Hormuz: the upper end of the headline’s estimate for June 2026, the same figure as in the sentence above; no new figure is made here.
Pump price: Weekly Oil Bulletin, diesel including tax, week of 23 Feb 2026 (€1.702 per litre) and week of 28 Sep 2026 (€2.351 per litre). Brent: EIA daily spot price, the first print dated in each of those weeks (23 Feb 2026: 71.9; 28 Sep 2026: 119.97; US dollars per barrel). Each change is worked out in the currency it is published in; no exchange rate is applied. The start week is the one containing the event date of Strait of Hormuz shipping disruption (2026) (28 Feb 2026), the event the Strait of Hormuz page leads with; the end week is the latest week with both prices.
Tax share: the pump price split into tax and price before tax for the week of 28 Sep 2026 (Weekly Oil Bulletin prices and published tax rates), as on the pump price page.
The three figures are shown side by side, each on its own; no link between them is drawn here.

Go deeper for Italy

Pump prices at stations

Calculated

On 30 September 2026, 4,507 stations in Italy reported an LPG (autogas) (served (attended)) price. Half of them charged €0.749 a litre or less. Eight in ten charged between €0.690 and €0.849.

The EU Weekly Oil Bulletin gives €0.770 for lpg motor fuel in Italy for the week of 28 September 2026: a weekly national average reported by the state, measured differently from the prices stations declare.

Station prices on 30 September 2026, by fuel

Diesel, self-servicemedian €2.349 · 20,226 stations€2.190 to €2.419 · bulletin €2.351
Diesel, served (attended)median €2.410 · 13,769 stations€2.319 to €2.629 · bulletin €2.351
Petrol (benzina), self-servicemedian €2.139 · 20,217 stations€1.990 to €2.199 · bulletin €2.156
Petrol (benzina), served (attended)median €2.205 · 13,797 stations€2.135 to €2.409 · bulletin €2.156
LPG (autogas), self-servicemedian €0.747 · 155 stations€0.689 to €0.849 · bulletin €0.770
LPG (autogas), served (attended)median €0.749 · 4,507 stations€0.690 to €0.849 · bulletin €0.770

10th-90th percentile of stations (calculated)median (calculated)Weekly Oil Bulletin, national average (official)

LPG (autogas), served (attended): median at stations and the bulletin, 27 August 2025 to 30 September 2026

The source delivered no data from 1 July 2026 to 25 September 2026; the line is left broken there, not filled in.

Median of stations(calculated)
10th-90th percentile of stations(calculated)
Weekly Oil Bulletin, national average(official)
No station data: the source delivered no station prices

LPG (autogas), served (attended) by province, 30 September 2026

107 provinces. Select a column heading to sort. 3 with fewer than 5 stations show a count only. * marks a code that is not exactly the named area (notes below).

Sort byProvince ↑Median 10th pct.90th pct.Stations

Province ↑	Median	10th pct.	90th pct.	Stations
AG · Agrigento	€0.829	€0.709	€0.869	21
AL · Alessandria	€0.729	€0.696	€0.901	60
AN · Ancona	€0.769	€0.749	€0.813	64
AR · Arezzo	€0.799	€0.752	€0.836	44
AP · Ascoli Piceno	€0.761	€0.699	€0.799	20
AT · Asti	€0.696	€0.669	€0.748	24
AV · Avellino	€0.719	€0.694	€0.807	40
BA · Bari	€0.749	€0.699	€0.789	87
BT · Barletta-Andria-Trani	€0.754	€0.649	€0.894	23
BL · Belluno	€0.759	€0.737	€0.799	15
BN · Benevento	€0.700	€0.695	€0.758	22
BG · Bergamo	€0.719	€0.685	€0.789	52
BI · Biella	€0.699	€0.685	€0.747	8
BO · Bologna	€0.739	€0.689	€0.792	78
BZ · Bolzano/Bozen	€0.884	€0.779	€0.920	15
BS · Brescia	€0.729	€0.699	€0.767	129
BR · Brindisi	€0.732	€0.679	€0.769	32
CA · Cagliari*	€0.820	€0.764	€0.859	12
CL · Caltanissetta	€0.834	€0.799	€0.894	14
CB · Campobasso	€0.779	€0.751	€0.882	23
CE · Caserta	€0.689	€0.649	€0.759	103
CT · Catania	€0.798	€0.789	€0.835	55
CZ · Catanzaro	€0.759	€0.709	€0.839	21
CH · Chieti	€0.788	€0.747	€0.897	41
CO · Como	€0.759	€0.745	€0.859	7
CS · Cosenza	€0.839	€0.779	€0.915	46
CR · Cremona	€0.719	€0.696	€0.777	33
KR · Crotone	€0.799	€0.779	€0.869	11
CN · Cuneo	€0.729	€0.682	€0.769	64
EN · Enna	€0.790	€0.743	€0.907	9
FM · Fermo	€0.759	€0.739	€0.892	32
FE · Ferrara	€0.734	€0.689	€0.793	49
FI · Firenze	€0.759	€0.699	€0.855	65
FG · Foggia	€0.759	€0.689	€0.898	49
FC · Forlì-Cesena	€0.718	€0.681	€0.769	43
FR · Frosinone	€0.739	€0.714	€0.776	67
GE · Genova	€0.939	€0.849	€0.953	9
GO · Gorizia*	—	—	—	1
GR · Grosseto	€0.744	€0.699	€0.799	40
IM · Imperia	—	—	—	4
IS · Isernia	€0.764	€0.749	€0.864	9
AQ · L'Aquila	€0.749	€0.707	€0.898	47
SP · La Spezia	€0.834	€0.768	€0.935	12
LT · Latina	€0.719	€0.689	€0.791	69
LE · Lecce	€0.704	€0.679	€0.769	86
LC · Lecco	€0.759	€0.705	€0.759	7
LI · Livorno	€0.718	€0.698	€0.833	28
LO · Lodi	€0.779	€0.749	€0.851	16
LU · Lucca	€0.787	€0.719	€0.899	29
MC · Macerata	€0.779	€0.749	€0.819	43
MN · Mantova	€0.719	€0.689	€0.759	54
MS · Massa-Carrara	€0.854	€0.779	€0.899	11
MT · Matera	€0.769	€0.751	€0.790	15
ME · Messina	€0.799	€0.789	€0.884	26
MI · Milano	€0.751	€0.699	€0.894	92
MO · Modena	€0.729	€0.679	€0.804	71
MB · Monza e della Brianza	€0.739	€0.699	€0.794	27
NA · Napoli	€0.699	€0.668	€0.784	177
NO · Novara	€0.744	€0.699	€0.824	34
NU · Nuoro*	€0.899	€0.871	€0.988	13
OR · Oristano	€0.819	€0.749	€0.859	11
PD · Padova	€0.737	€0.699	€0.786	111
PA · Palermo	€0.719	€0.689	€0.859	46
PR · Parma	€0.778	€0.749	€0.833	55
PV · Pavia	€0.734	€0.674	€0.824	46
PG · Perugia	€0.769	€0.736	€0.799	68
PU · Pesaro e Urbino	€0.799	€0.744	€0.829	46
PE · Pescara	€0.797	€0.741	€0.799	15
PC · Piacenza	€0.738	€0.699	€0.821	45
PI · Pisa	€0.739	€0.669	€0.794	60
PT · Pistoia	€0.739	€0.699	€0.800	20
PN · Pordenone*	€0.729	€0.694	€0.759	27
PZ · Potenza	€0.769	€0.654	€0.799	41
PO · Prato	€0.708	€0.677	€0.761	12
RG · Ragusa	€0.776	€0.767	€0.801	20
RA · Ravenna	€0.729	€0.683	€0.769	55
RC · Reggio Calabria	€0.769	€0.729	€0.835	25
RE · Reggio nell'Emilia	€0.739	€0.729	€0.794	61
RI · Rieti	€0.729	€0.698	€0.780	20
RN · Rimini	€0.719	€0.677	€0.784	36
RM · Roma	€0.729	€0.689	€0.799	244
RO · Rovigo	€0.719	€0.674	€0.799	44
SA · Salerno	€0.744	€0.699	€0.821	78
SS · Sassari*	€0.899	€0.821	€0.950	29
SV · Savona	€0.848	€0.749	€0.875	12
SI · Siena	€0.769	€0.739	€0.827	33
SR · Siracusa	€0.779	€0.723	€0.825	22
SO · Sondrio	€0.759	€0.711	€0.789	5
SU · Sud Sardegna*	€0.797	€0.735	€0.879	19
TA · Taranto	€0.739	€0.699	€0.773	37
TE · Teramo	€0.779	€0.768	€0.910	33
TR · Terni	€0.759	€0.749	€0.816	24
TO · Torino	€0.729	€0.691	€0.799	145
TP · Trapani	€0.850	€0.796	€0.899	28
TN · Trento	€0.779	€0.699	€0.886	28
TV · Treviso	€0.739	€0.719	€0.789	91
TS · Trieste*	—	—	—	2
UD · Udine*	€0.719	€0.699	€0.772	52
AO · Valle d'Aosta/Vallée d'Aoste	€0.879	€0.843	€0.942	5
VA · Varese	€0.744	€0.729	€0.851	22
VE · Venezia	€0.739	€0.729	€0.841	70
VB · Verbano-Cusio-Ossola	€0.869	€0.783	€0.965	5
VC · Vercelli	€0.709	€0.659	€0.888	22
VR · Verona	€0.753	€0.699	€0.819	96
VV · Vibo Valentia	€0.759	€0.739	€0.879	9
VI · Vicenza	€0.759	€0.699	€0.829	82
VT · Viterbo	€0.739	€0.699	€0.799	51

1 of the 4,507 stations has no province in the registry yet; they are counted in the national figures only.

Where the code and the named area differ (8)

CA · Cagliari: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); Cagliari now also takes in communes of the former Sud Sardegna. A station may still carry its pre-2026 code.
GO · Gorizia: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
NU · Nuoro: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); part of Nuoro went to the new Province of Ogliastra (OG). A station may still carry its pre-2026 code.
PN · Pordenone: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
SS · Sassari: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); the Province of Sassari became the Città metropolitana di Sassari, and its Gallura communes went to Gallura Nord-Est Sardegna (OT). A station may still carry its pre-2026 code.
SU · Sud Sardegna: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); Sud Sardegna was abolished and its communes went to Cagliari, Medio Campidano (VS), Sulcis Iglesiente (CI), and one commune each to Ogliastra (OG) and Nuoro (NU). The station registry still uses this code.
TS · Trieste: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
UD · Udine: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.

Source & method

Source

Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy (MIMIT), Osservatorio prezzi carburanti — Carburanti - prezzi praticati (prezzo_alle_8) e anagrafica degli impianti attivi
European Commission, DG Energy — Weekly Oil Bulletin

Every source, with links and licences

Period

Latest day 30 September 2026

Method

How this figure is made

Source: Osservatorio prezzi carburanti, data provided by the Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy (MIMIT). Licence: IODL 2.0. Latest day used: 30 September 2026.

Licence: IODL 2.0 (Italian Open Data License) · Dataset: publisher's page

Station prices are published by the state and declared by the stations themselves (official, self-declared). The spread, median and regional figures are our arithmetic on them (calculated). The Weekly Oil Bulletin is a weekly national average that the state reports to the European Commission (official); it is measured differently, so a gap between the two is a difference of method, not an error.

A station counts on a day only if the source still reported its price that day (its own last report no more than 30 days old); a day the source did not deliver is left out, never filled in. Regions with fewer than 5 stations show a count only. Figures are EUR per litre as published, taxes included. Maximum prices set by a government are never shown as a station price.

Province: The province code (sigla) the station registry gives for each station, named from ISTAT's list. Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026, so a Sardinian station may still carry its earlier code.

Province names: ISTAT, Elenco dei comuni italiani (sigla automobilistica and unità territoriale sovracomunale), updated 21 February 2026 (Fonte: Istat). Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Province names for the 1 code not in that list: ISTAT, Elenco dei comuni italiani (sigla automobilistica and unità territoriale sovracomunale), file of 26 January 2024 (before the 2026 Sardinian reform); abolition: ISTAT Sardinian reform codes, in force 1 January 2026 (Fonte: Istat). Licence: CC BY 4.0.

Crude origins

Calculated

10 refineries · 68.7 Mt/a where comparable.

In June 2026, 14 countries supplied crude imports; the largest three accounted for 58%.

Share of crude imports by origin, to June 2026

3-month average of monthly shares, over the months with figures in each window

Libya
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
United States
Iraq
Saudi Arabia
Other origins
Origin not published

Share of crude imports, June 2026 (published)

Since January 2023: Iraq −15.4 pt, Libya +9.9 pt.

Share of crude imports, June 2026: all origins

Country of origin	Share	Tonnes
Libya	24%	1,182,200
Kazakhstan	20%	974,227
United States	14%	670,684
Azerbaijan	12%	569,095
Saudi Arabia	8%	367,894
Brazil	6%	271,344
Other origins	17%

All 10 refineries

Source & method

Source

Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
Refinery operators and national regulators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin curated refinery reference list

Every source, with links and licences

Period

June 2026

Method

How this figure is made

Download

Download CSV

Product origins

Calculated

Road diesel imports, June 2026: Saudi Arabia 66%, Egypt 12%, Greece 9%, Israel 8%, Netherlands 3%, France 1%, other origins 0.3%.

Share of road diesel imports by country last shipped from, to June 2026

3-month average of monthly shares, over the months with figures in each window

Saudi Arabia
Egypt
India
Kuwait
Netherlands
Greece
Other origins
Origin not published

Share of road diesel imports, June 2026 (published)

Share of road diesel imports, June 2026 (published): all countries last shipped from

Country last shipped from	Share	Tonnes
Saudi Arabia	66%	234,892
Egypt	12%	41,993
Greece	9%	32,947
Israel	8%	26,934
Netherlands	3%	11,316
France	1%	4,892
Other origins	0.3%

Source & method

Source

Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data

Every source, with links and licences

Period

June 2026

Method

How this figure is made

Download

Download CSV

Stocks & days of cover

Official

90 days of emergency stock cover in June 2026.

Closing stocks: 17,170,285 tonnes, +1.4% against the 12-month average.

Closing stocks, to June 2026

Closing stocks
12-month average

Days of cover, to June 2026

Source & method

Source

Eurostat (European Commission) — Emergency oil stocks in days equivalent - monthly data
Eurostat (European Commission) — Stock levels for oil products - monthly data

Every source, with links and licences

Period

June 2026

Method

How this figure is made

Which method the member state used