Where does European fuel come from, and what is in its price?
Pick a country to see the crude and refined-product origins behind its fuel supply, the refineries on its territory, how much of that supply physically depends on the Strait of Hormuz, and what a litre at the pump is made of.
A record of what public statistics say, each figure traced to its publisher; not a forecast, not an opinion, and never an estimate filled in where data is missing. What this is and is not →
Countries
European Union (27)
Crude figures are for June 2026 unless a row names another month. Pump prices are for the week of 21 Sep 2026.
Sort byCountry ▲Largest crude originThrough HormuzPump price
| Country | Crude behind road diesel — latest month, top two | Through Hormuzshare of that crude, upper bound | Pump pricediesel, per litre |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | Crude behind road diesel:32% Kazakhstan · 20% United States · 10% cannot be traced (July 2026) | Through Hormuz:2–13% | Pump price:€2.24 |
| Belgium | Crude behind road diesel:19% Norway · 19% United States · 13% cannot be traced (July 2026) | Through Hormuz:Up to 13% | Pump price:€2.39 |
| Bulgaria | Crude behind road diesel:1% Kazakhstan · 0.3% Azerbaijan · 97% cannot be traced (July 2026) | Through Hormuz:Up to 98% | Pump price:€1.92 |
| Croatia | Crude behind road diesel:15% Guyana · 11% Libya · 34% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:4–41% | Pump price:€1.98 |
| Cyprus | Crude behind road diesel:9% Kazakhstan · 6% Iraq · 65% cannot be traced (July 2026) | Through Hormuz:6–72% | Pump price:€1.95 |
| Czechia | Crude behind road diesel:19% Kazakhstan · 19% Azerbaijan · 3% cannot be traced (July 2026) | Through Hormuz:Up to 15% | Pump price:€2.07 |
| Denmark | Crude behind road diesel:36% Norway · 30% United States · 34% cannot be traced (December 2025) | Through Hormuz:Up to 34% | Pump price:€2.56 |
| Estonia | Crude behind road diesel:46% Norway · 25% Saudi Arabia · 2% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 22% | Pump price:€2.11 |
| Finland | Crude behind road diesel:65% Norway · 14% United States | Through Hormuz:none | Pump price:€2.56 |
| France | Crude behind road diesel:15% United States · 12% Kazakhstan · 34% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 35% | Pump price:€2.38 |
| Germany | Crude behind road diesel:22% United States · 16% Norway · 7% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:1–9% | Pump price:€2.46 |
| Greece | Crude behind road diesel:25% Kazakhstan · 17% Iraq · 2% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:16–26% | Pump price:€2.22 |
| Hungary | Crude behind road diesel:35% Russia · 10% Libya · 36% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 38% | Pump price:€1.96 |
| Ireland | Crude behind road diesel:24% United States · 11% Norway · 37% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 37% | Pump price:€2.05 |
| Italy | Crude behind road diesel:20% Libya · 15% Kazakhstan · 15% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:1–22% | Pump price:€2.28 |
| Latvia | Crude behind road diesel:42% Norway · 29% Saudi Arabia · 2% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 26% | Pump price:€2.17 |
| Lithuania | Crude behind road diesel:40% Norway · 32% Saudi Arabia · 3% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 29% | Pump price:€2.26 |
| Luxembourg | Crude behind road diesel:29% Norway · 15% United States · 2% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:0.4–2.8% | Pump price:€2.11 |
| Malta | Crude behind road diesel:6% United States · 6% Mexico · 57% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 59% | Pump price:€1.21 |
| Netherlands | Crude behind road diesel:23% United States · 20% Norway · 9% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 9% | Pump price:€2.58 |
| Poland | Crude behind road diesel:31% Norway · 26% Saudi Arabia · 15% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 37% | Pump price:€2.04 |
| Portugal | Crude behind road diesel:36% Brazil · 13% United States · 2% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 2.5% | Pump price:€2.21 |
| Romania | Crude behind road diesel:23% Kazakhstan · 9% Azerbaijan · 59% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 59% | Pump price:€2.09 |
| Slovakia | Crude behind road diesel:30% Russia · 6% Saudi Arabia · 30% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 36% | Pump price:€1.95 |
| Slovenia | Crude behind road diesel:6% Libya · 6% Kazakhstan · 69% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:2–74% | Pump price:€1.98 |
| Spain | Crude behind road diesel:9% United States · 7% Libya · 41% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 44% | Pump price:€1.92 |
| Sweden | Crude behind road diesel:44% Norway · 18% United States · 9% cannot be traced | Through Hormuz:Up to 9% | Pump price:€2.09 |
Compare countries side by side →Where the EU’s crude comes from →What is in the EU’s pump prices →Is Hormuz really the reason? →
Source & method
Each row repeats its country page’s headline for road diesel, from the same calculation. Crude behind road diesel is an estimate (label: Estimated) built from Eurostat energy statistics, one country back: where the fuel sold in the country came from, and where the crude behind it was produced. Through Hormuz is the upper end of the range of that crude that may have passed through the Strait of Hormuz, from cited export-route reference data. Pump price is the latest weekly price including tax, from the European Commission Weekly Oil Bulletin.
Country names and EU membership come from the curated country reference list (UN M49 names, shortened for display). “Not published” means the figure is not in the published statistics we hold; it is never zero and never filled in.
How the home page is built → How the headline is estimated →
Suppliers to the EU (108)
Countries outside the EU that member states reported importing crude oil or refined products from in June 2026. Crude is in million tonnes and as a share of all crude imports reported by the 27 member states; the importers are the largest EU buyers. The Hormuz route is where the country loads its oil, from cited reference data. “None reported” means no member state reported an import from it that month; it is not zero.
Sort byCountryCrude to the EULargest EU importer ▼Hormuz route
| Country | Crude to the EUMt · % of EU crude imports | Largest EU importers | Hormuz route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Crude to the EU:0.02 Mt · <0.1% | Largest EU importers:Spain | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Algeria | Crude to the EU:0.78 Mt · 2% | Largest EU importers:Spain, France, Poland +4 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Angola | Crude to the EU:0.68 Mt · 2% | Largest EU importers:Spain, France, Italy +2 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| China | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Spain, France, Hungary +1 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Gibraltar | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Spain | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Mexico | Crude to the EU:0.68 Mt · 2% | Largest EU importers:Spain, Netherlands, France +1 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Morocco | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Spain | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Nigeria | Crude to the EU:1.6 Mt · 4% | Largest EU importers:Spain, Germany, France +4 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Singapore | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Spain, France, Belgium +2 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Venezuela | Crude to the EU:0.59 Mt · 2% | Largest EU importers:Spain, Italy, Netherlands +2 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Russia | Crude to the EU:0.62 Mt · 2% | Largest EU importers:Slovakia, Hungary | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Switzerland | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Slovakia, Germany, Croatia +1 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Ukraine | Crude to the EU:0.04 Mt · 0.1% | Largest EU importers:Slovakia, Romania | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Kuwait | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Romania, Malta, Belgium | Hormuz route:Must pass Hormuz |
| Türkiye | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Romania, Spain, Italy +2 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Brazil | Crude to the EU:1.8 Mt · 5% | Largest EU importers:Portugal, Belgium, Italy +3 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Norway | Crude to the EU:4.3 Mt · 12% | Largest EU importers:Poland, Germany, Netherlands +7 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Saudi Arabia | Crude to the EU:2.3 Mt · 6% | Largest EU importers:Poland, Italy, Lithuania +4 more | Hormuz route:Mixed: up to 82% |
| Congo | Crude to the EU:0.08 Mt · 0.2% | Largest EU importers:Netherlands, France | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Malaysia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Netherlands | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Niger | Crude to the EU:0.10 Mt · 0.3% | Largest EU importers:Netherlands, Germany | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Senegal | Crude to the EU:0.08 Mt · 0.2% | Largest EU importers:Netherlands, Germany | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Azerbaijan | Crude to the EU:1.4 Mt · 4% | Largest EU importers:Italy, Germany, Czechia +4 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Egypt | Crude to the EU:0.09 Mt · 0.2% | Largest EU importers:Italy | Hormuz route:Mixed: up to 100% |
| Gabon | Crude to the EU:0.11 Mt · 0.3% | Largest EU importers:Italy, Germany | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| India | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Italy, Netherlands | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Libya | Crude to the EU:4.0 Mt · 11% | Largest EU importers:Italy, Germany, Spain +9 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| United Arab Emirates | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Hungary | Hormuz route:Mixed: up to 100% |
| Colombia | Crude to the EU:0.22 Mt · 0.6% | Largest EU importers:Greece, Netherlands, Belgium | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Iraq | Crude to the EU:0.46 Mt · 1% | Largest EU importers:Greece, Germany | Hormuz route:Mixed: 95.9–100.0% |
| Argentina | Crude to the EU:<0.01 Mt · <0.1% | Largest EU importers:Germany | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Cameroon | Crude to the EU:<0.01 Mt · <0.1% | Largest EU importers:Germany | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Guyana | Crude to the EU:1.7 Mt · 4% | Largest EU importers:Germany, Sweden, Spain +4 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Kazakhstan | Crude to the EU:4.9 Mt · 13% | Largest EU importers:Germany, Italy, Greece +8 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Syria | Crude to the EU:0.03 Mt · <0.1% | Largest EU importers:Germany | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| United Kingdom | Crude to the EU:1.5 Mt · 4% | Largest EU importers:Germany, Netherlands, France +4 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| United States | Crude to the EU:7.1 Mt · 19% | Largest EU importers:Germany, Netherlands, Spain +11 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Canada | Crude to the EU:0.42 Mt · 1% | Largest EU importers:France, Germany, Belgium +1 more | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Crude to the EU:0.23 Mt · 0.6% | Largest EU importers:France, Belgium | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Japan | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: France, Netherlands | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Oman | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: France, Spain | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| South Korea | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: France, Poland, Netherlands | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Thailand | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: France | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: France | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Benin | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Denmark | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Mauritius | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Denmark | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Mongolia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Denmark | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Israel | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Cyprus, Italy, Malta +2 more | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Lebanon | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Cyprus | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Serbia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:products: Bulgaria, Denmark, Croatia | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Tunisia | Crude to the EU:<0.01 Mt · <0.1% | Largest EU importers:Austria | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
57 more with a supplier page, nothing reported in June 2026
| Country | Crude to the EUMt · % of EU crude imports | Largest EU importers | Hormuz route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Armenia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported February 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Aruba | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported February 2021 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Australia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Bahamas | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported June 2024 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Bahrain | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported April 2026 | Hormuz route:Must pass Hormuz |
| Barbados | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported December 2025 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Belarus | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported January 2026 | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Bolivia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported July 2021 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported June 2024 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| British Virgin Islands | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported March 2021 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Brunei | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported January 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Cabo Verde | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported April 2022 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Chile | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported January 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2026 | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Cuba | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported July 2025 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Curaçao | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported July 2024 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Djibouti | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2020 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Dominican Republic | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported February 2025 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Ecuador | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported February 2023 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Equatorial Guinea | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2026 | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Ethiopia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported January 2022 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Georgia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2026 | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Ghana | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2026 | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Guinea-Bissau | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported April 2022 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Hong Kong | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Iceland | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported September 2021 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Indonesia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported December 2025 | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Iran | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported September 2024 | Hormuz route:Mixed: 96.4–100.0% |
| Jordan | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported October 2022 | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Kyrgyzstan | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported January 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Liberia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported August 2021 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Marshall Islands | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported July 2025 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Moldova | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported October 2025 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Mozambique | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported March 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Myanmar | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported July 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Namibia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2019 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Nepal | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported January 2022 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| New Caledonia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2020 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| North Korea | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported February 2025 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| North Macedonia | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported April 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Pakistan | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Panama | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported March 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Peru | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Philippines | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2021 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Qatar | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported April 2026 | Hormuz route:Must pass Hormuz |
| Sierra Leone | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported December 2025 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| South Africa | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported March 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Sri Lanka | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported April 2025 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Sudan | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported September 2025 | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Tajikistan | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported June 2025 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Tanzania | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported March 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Timor-Leste | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported February 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Togo | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported January 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Turkmenistan | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2026 | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Uruguay | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2026 | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
| Uzbekistan | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported July 2026 | Hormuz route:Not classified |
| Yemen | Crude to the EU:none reported | Largest EU importers:last reported May 2022 | Hormuz route:Outside the Gulf |
Coming later (106 other countries)
These countries are in our reference table but have neither a country page nor a supplier page: no EU member state has reported importing crude oil or refined products from them (energy basis).
- AfghanistanAF
- American SamoaAS
- AndorraAD
- AnguillaAI
- AntarcticaAQ
- Antigua and BarbudaAG
- BangladeshBD
- BelizeBZ
- BermudaBM
- BhutanBT
- Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and SabaBQ
- BotswanaBW
- Bouvet IslandBV
- British Indian Ocean TerritoryIO
- Burkina FasoBF
- BurundiBI
- CambodiaKH
- Cayman IslandsKY
- Central African RepublicCF
- ChadTD
- MacaoMO
- Christmas IslandCX
- Cocos (Keeling) IslandsCC
- ComorosKM
- Cook IslandsCK
- Costa RicaCR
- DominicaDM
- El SalvadorSV
- EritreaER
- EswatiniSZ
- Falkland IslandsFK
- Faroe IslandsFO
- FijiFJ
- French GuianaGF
- French PolynesiaPF
- French Southern TerritoriesTF
- GambiaGM
- GreenlandGL
- GrenadaGD
- GuadeloupeGP
- GuamGU
- GuatemalaGT
- GuineaGN
- HaitiHT
- Heard Island and McDonald IslandsHM
- Holy SeeVA
- HondurasHN
- JamaicaJM
- KenyaKE
- KiribatiKI
- LaosLA
- LesothoLS
- LiechtensteinLI
- MadagascarMG
- MalawiMW
- MaldivesMV
- MaliML
- MartiniqueMQ
- MauritaniaMR
- MayotteYT
- MicronesiaFM
- MontenegroME
- MontserratMS
- NaoeroNR
- New ZealandNZ
- NicaraguaNI
- NiueNU
- Norfolk IslandNF
- Northern Mariana IslandsMP
- PalauPW
- Papua New GuineaPG
- ParaguayPY
- PitcairnPN
- RwandaRW
- RéunionRE
- Saint BarthélemyBL
- Saint HelenaSH
- Saint Kitts and NevisKN
- Saint LuciaLC
- Saint Pierre and MiquelonPM
- Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesVC
- SamoaWS
- San MarinoSM
- Sao Tome and PrincipeST
- SeychellesSC
- Sint MaartenSX
- Solomon IslandsSB
- SomaliaSO
- South Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsGS
- South SudanSS
- State of PalestinePS
- SurinameSR
- Svalbard and Jan Mayen IslandsSJ
- TokelauTK
- TongaTO
- Turks and Caicos IslandsTC
- TuvaluTV
- UgandaUG
- United States Minor Outlying IslandsUM
- United States Virgin IslandsVI
- VanuatuVU
- VietnamVN
- Wallis and Futuna IslandsWF
- Western SaharaEH
- ZambiaZM
- ZimbabweZW
Events
Dated disruptions, embargoes and tax changes, each cited to the agency or legislature that published it, with what every series we hold did in a window around the date. No causal claim is attached.
Methodology
Sources and their licences, definitions, unit handling, how missing data is treated, and the confidence scale behind every label.